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Industry Issues

Characteristics Of Oil Refinery Wastewater

Complex composition:

The Composition of oil refinery wastewater is complex and varied, including petroleum hydrocarbons, benzene, phenols, alcohols, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and so on. The types and concentrations of these substances may vary depending on the type of crude oil and the refining process.

High Salinity:

Oil refinery wastewater usually has a high salinity due to the high concentration of dissolved salts in the water as a result of the refining process, which may involve water cooling, washing,eparation, and other operations.

High Temperature:

Wastewater from the refining process may have a high temperature as it may come from high temperature installations such as cracking furnaces, reaction towers, and so on. This makes it necessary to consider the effect of temperature on the treatment equipment and chemical reactions in wastewater treatment.

Generated In Large Quantities:

The refining industry typically requires large quantities of water for cooling and other production processes, thus generating large quantities of wastewater. This poses a challenge for the design of treatment equipment and the selection of treatment technologies.

Contains Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):

Refinery Wastewater May Contain VOCs, which can cause air pollution in the atmosphere and pose potential risks to the environment and human health.

Multi-phase State:

Oil refining wastewater may contain suspended, dissolved, emulsified ,and other phases, which increases the difficulty of treatment.

High Acidity And Alkalinity:

The acidity and alkalinity of oil refining wastewater may be affected by the chemicals used in the refining process and the reaction conditions, so the treatment process needs to adjust the pH value to meet the environmental requirements.

Complex Treatment Processes Are Required:

Due to the diversity of oil refinery wastewater, multi-stage and multi-process treatment methods are usually required, including physical, chemical and biological treatment.

Based on the characteristics of oil refinery wastewater

MBBR Must Have the Following Properties

1

High-efficiency degradation

MBBR should have high-efficiency biodegradation ability, and can effectively degrade organic substances, oil and grease, ammonia ,nitrogen, and other pollutants in oil refinery wastewater.

2

Impact load resistance

The water quality of oil refining wastewater may be affected by load fluctuations, so the MBBR system needs to have strong impact load resistance to adapt to instantaneous load changes and ensure stable treatment results.

3

Good distribution of suspended bio-carriers

MBBR suspended bio-carriers (usually plastic fillers) should be able to be evenly distributed in the reactor to maximize the biofilm area and improve degradation efficiency.

4

Corrosion resistance

Oil refinery wastewater may contain corrosive substances, MBBR system reactors and components should have good corrosion resistance to ensure the long-term stable operation of the system.

5

Easy to operate and maintain

MBBR system should be designed to be easy to operate and maintain, including easy to clean, repair and monitor to ensure the stability and reliability of the system.

6

Low energy consumption and low operating costs

MBBR system should be designed to ensure that the treatment effect reduces energy consumption and operating costs as much as possible, in order to improve the economy.

7

Adaptability

MBBR system should have a certain degree of adaptability, can be applied to different types of refinery wastewater, and be used in different process conditions to achieve good results.

8

Biofilm carriers

Effective and stable biofilm carriers are needed to ensure ample biofilm growth area and good hydraulic properties. The material should be chemically stable and physically robust to withstand wear and tear over prolonged use.

Features

MBBR And Disc Diffuser Must Have Performance

In the oil refinery process, MBBR and aeration disks are usually key components of the biological treatment system. Through processes such as biodegradation and oxygen transfer, they help maintain good water quality.

MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor)

Efficient Biofilm Adhesion:MBBR technology relies on the growth of biofilm to treat organics and pollutants in wastewater. Therefore, the system must be able to promote efficient and stable biofilm attachment and growth on the packing material.
Good Shock Load Resistance:The composition of refinery wastewater can change over time, and MBBR systems need to be able to handle fluctuations in influent volume and pollution load to maintain treatment efficiency.
High COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) And BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) Removal Efficiency:The ability to effectively remove organic pollutants from wastewater is a fundamental requirement for MBBR systems to meet discharge standards.
Low Energy Consumption And Maintenance Requirements:The system should be designed for high energy efficiency and low operation and maintenance costs to reduce long-term operating costs.
Stable Operational Performance:The MBBR system can operate stably even under unfavorable environmental conditions, such as low temperatures or high salinity conditions.

Disc diffusers

Efficient Oxygen Transfer Efficiency:Aeration discs need to be able to efficiently transfer oxygen into the wastewater to support microbial growth and pollutant biodegradation processes.
Corrosion And Abrasion Resistance:Given that refinery wastewater may contain corrosive substances, aeration disk materials need to have good corrosion and abrasion resistance.
Low Energy Consumption:The aeration process is one of the most energy intensive aspects of wastewater treatment, so the design of the aeration disk should focus on energy efficiency to reduce energy consumption.
Uniform Bubble Distribution:In order to improve the dissolution rate and utilization of oxygen, the aeration disk should be able to produce uniform micro-fine bubbles to improve the transfer efficiency of oxygen in the water.
Easy To Maintain And Clean:Aeration systems require regular cleaning and maintenance to maintain their efficiency, so the aeration disk should be designed for easy cleaning and replacement.

Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment

Precautions, Water Process And Parameter Table

Precautions for oil refinery wastewater treatment

The complexity of wastewater composition:Oil refining wastewater contains a variety of harmful substances, such as oil, organic matter, inorganic salts, heavy metals and sulfides. It is necessary to choose the appropriate treatment technology according to the specific composition of the wastewater.
Importance of pre-treatment:The pre-treatment step is crucial for the removal of suspended solids, oil and grease, and large particulate matter from wastewater. Effective pretreatment can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of subsequent treatment steps.
Technology selection and combination:Given the diversity and complexity of refinery wastewater, it is often necessary to combine a variety of treatment technologies, such as physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies, to achieve optimal treatment results. The choice of technology should take into account its applicability, efficiency, cost and environmental impact.
System reliability and stability:Refinery wastewater treatment systems need to be able to operate stably and maintain efficient treatment performance even when wastewater flows or pollution loads change. System design should take into account redundancy and emergency response capability.
Environmental regulations and discharge standards:The design and operation of wastewater treatment systems must comply with local environmental regulations and discharge standards. This typically includes discharge limits and water quality standards for specific pollutants.
Energy and operating costs:The energy and operating costs of refinery wastewater treatment systems are important considerations. Energy-efficient and cost-effective treatment options should be sought, taking into account long-term operation and maintenance costs.
Maintenance and Monitoring:Regular system maintenance and monitoring is key to ensuring the long-term effective operation of a refinery wastewater treatment system. This includes regular inspections of the physical condition of the treatment facility, monitoring of treatment efficacy and adjustment of operating parameters.
Health and Safety:In the wastewater treatment process, measures should be taken to protect staff and the surrounding environment from harmful chemicals and biological contamination. This includes appropriate personal protective equipment, safety training, and emergency preparedness measures.

Features of Oil Refinery wastewater process

High oil content:Oil refinery wastewater usually contains a high concentration of oily substances, including petroleum hydrocarbons and other oils and fats. This requires a wastewater treatment process that effectively separates and removes these oily substances to prevent interference with subsequent treatment steps and potential pollution of the environment.
High organic load:The wastewater generated from the refining process contains high concentrations of organic pollutants, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) , which requires wastewater treatment processes with high organic matter removal capacity.
Containing a variety of harmful substances:Refinery wastewater may contain sulfides, ammonia, heavy metals ,phenols, and other harmful substances. Treatment processes need to be able to be designed for these different contaminants to ensure that they are effectively removed or reduced to safe levels.
Large temperature and pH variations:The temperature and pH of refinery wastewater can fluctuate widely, challenging the stability and efficiency of the treatment process. Therefore, it is important to select treatment technologies that can accommodate such fluctuations.
Complex treatment processes:Due to the complexity of refinery wastewater, multi-stage treatment processes are often required, including physical, chemical, and biological treatment steps. Each step targets a specific type of pollutant to ensure complete purification of the wastewater.
Strict discharge standards:The refining industry faces strict environmental protection regulations and discharge standards. Wastewater treatment processes must be able to ensure that the treated water quality meets or exceeds these standards to protect the environment and public health.
Energy and cost considerations:Considering the high energy consumption and operating costs of refinery wastewater treatment, the selection and design of wastewater treatment processes need to take into account economic efficiency and environmental benefits. This includes the selection of technology solutions that are low in energy consumption, easy to maintain, and have low operating costs.
Reliability and redundancy design:Given the continuous nature of refinery production, wastewater treatment systems need to be designed with sufficient reliability and redundancy to cope with equipment failures or sudden increases in treatment capacity demand.
Flexibility and scalability of technology:With the development of refining process and the improvement of environmental standards, the wastewater treatment process should have a certain degree of flexibility and scalability, in order to facilitate the introduction of new technologies and meet the more stringent environmental requirements.

Oil Refinery wastewater treatment process

Pre-treatment stage:Grid and screen: Remove large solids and floating materials in wastewater to prevent clogging and damage to subsequent treatment facilities. Oil-water separation: remove free oil and partially emulsified oil from wastewater by gravity separation, air flotation technology, or an oil-water separator to reduce the pressure of subsequent treatment.
Primary treatment stage:Conditioning tank: adjust the flow and quality of wastewater to ensure the stability of subsequent treatment. Primary sedimentation tank: Remove suspended solids by gravity sedimentation to reduce the load of subsequent biological treatment.
Secondary (biological) treatment stage:Biological treatment process: using microorganisms to degrade organic matter in wastewater. Common biological treatment processes include activated sludge, biofilm (e.g., MBBR, bio-turntable) and membrane bioreactor (MBR).Aerobic treatment: carried out under aerobic conditions, suitable for the degradation of most organic matter.Anaerobic treatment: carried out under anaerobic conditions, applicable to the pretreatment of highly concentrated organic wastewater or the removal of specific pollutants.
Tertiary treatment stage:Chemical treatment: Removal of residual suspended solids, heavy metals and some dissolved organic matter through chemical precipitation, flocculation and neutralization processes.Advanced oxidation process: the use of ozone, hydrogen peroxide or UV light and other oxidants to further degrade difficult to degrade organic matter and some specific pollutants.Membrane separation technology: membrane technology such as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis is used to remove dissolved pollutants, improve water quality and achieve reuse standards.
Solid waste treatment:Sludge treatment: Sludge comes from processes such as primary sedimentation tanks and activated sludge method. Through the steps of thickening, digestion, dewatering and drying, the amount of sludge is reduced to facilitate disposal or resource utilization.
Disinfection and Discharge:Disinfection: Remove pathogens through chlorination, ultraviolet light, or ozone disinfection to ensure that the quality of discharged water is safe or meets reuse standards. Discharge or reuse: Depending on its quality, the treated water can be discharged directly into the receiving water body or reused for industrial cooling, irrigation, and other purposes.

Oil Refinery wastewater treatment

Typical Parameter

The following is a parameter table of a typical Oil Refinery wastewater treatment process. The specific values can be adjusted according to the actual situation:

Satge	Processing unit	Typical parameters	Unit
Solid-liquid separation	Sedimentation tank	TSS	50 - 500 mg/L
Biological treatment	MBBR	COD	30 - 200 mg/L
		NH3-N	2 - 10 mg/L
		NO2-N	< 1 mg/L
		NO3-N	< 10 mg/L
		TN	5 - 30 mg/L
Aeration system	Aeration tank	DO	3 - 8 mg/L
Physical treatment	Filter	TSS	10 - 50 mg/L
Ammonia nitrogen removal	Ammonia nitrogen removal unit	NH3-N	< 1 mg/L
Sterilize	Sterilization equipment	Sterilant concentration	0.5 - 5 mg/L
Water quality monitoring	Monitoring equipment	PH	6.5 - 8.5
		Conductivity	500 - 2000 μS/cm
		Temperature	20 - 30 ℃

For Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment

A Unique MBBR Model Is Recommended

Based on the characteristics of sewage treatment and the experience of previous cooperative customers, the recommendation is our MBBR64 or MBBR7

MBBR19

Size: Φ25*12mm

Hole Numbers: 19

Material: 100% White Virgin HDPE

Densilty: 0.96-0.98g/cm3

Surface Area: >650m2/m3

Dosing Ratio: 15-65%

Membrane-Forming Time: 3-15days

Nitrification Efficiency: 400-1200gNH N/M3d

BOD, Efficiency: 2000-10000g BOD,/M3d

COD5 Efficiency: 2000-15000 gCOD/Md

Applicable Temperature: 5-60C

Life-Span: >20year

MBBR64

Size: Φ25*4mm

Hole Numbers: 64

Material: 100% White Virgin HDPE

Densilty: 0.96-0.98g/cm3

Surface Area: >1200m2/m3

Dosing Ratio: 85%

Membrane-Forming Time: 15-65%

Nitrification Efficiency: 3-15days

BOD, Efficiency: 400-1200gNH4 N/M3.d

COD5 Efficiency: 2000-10000g BOD/M3d

Applicable Temperature: 2000-15000 gCOD5/M3d

Life-Span: 5-60C

Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment

AquaSust Customer Case

Case 1: Aquasust's MBBR Media for Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment

Faced with the challenge of treating high levels of oil, grease, sulfides and other organic compounds, a major refinery in Saudi Arabia adopted MBBR technology to enhance its wastewater treatment capacity.The HDPE MBBR Media from Aquasust used in the MBBR system provides a large amount of surface area to allow microbial growth and degradation of organic material.

The system has a capacity to treat 15,000 cubic meters of wastewater per day. After MBBR treatment, the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the wastewater was reduced from 200 mg/L to less than 10 mg/L, and COD was reduced from 5,000 mg/L to 200 mg/L, which significantly exceeded the local environmental discharge standards.

Case 2: Aquasust's Aeration Diffusers in Refinery Wastewater Treatment

In a large refinery in the United States, the plant introduced highly efficient aeration systems manufactured by Aquasust in order to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment, especially in the removal of sulfide and ammonia nitrogen. These Aeration Diffusers accelerate the biochemical reaction process by generating a large number of microscopic bubbles that dramatically increase the dissolution rate and transfer efficiency of oxygen.

By using Aquasust's disc diffuser, the refinery's wastewater treatment facility is able to treat approximately 10,000 cubic meters of wastewater per day, in which ammonia nitrogen has been reduced from 50 mg/L to less than 5 mg/L, and sulfide content has been reduced from 100 mg/L to less than 10 mg/L, effectively controlling the pollutants in the wastewater.

The adoption of this technology not only improves the efficiency of wastewater treatment, but also significantly reduces operating costs due to improved oxygen utilization, thereby reducing energy consumption.

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